You will also feel backshift when descending a hill. It feels like engine breaking and in a sense it is but it's because your clutches have "back shifted" to a lower ratio.
In essence, your clutches are constantly changing drive ratio from primary to secondary clutches. When there is a small load on the track, as in going down a flat trail, it's not hard to run a high ratio (primary fully shifted out, belt pulled down deep in the secondary)
When there is high load in the track, as in climbing a hill in deep, heavy snow your clutches need to react in order for the power of the engine to maintain it's optimal power RPM.
Snowmobile clutches are completely load sensitive so in the above instance when climbing the hill, your snowmobile engine does not have enough power to swing the weights that collapse the spring in the primary in conjunction with collapsing the spring and rolling down the helix thus closing the secondary. This is backshift.
Your clutches are always fighting to return to a lower ratio. It is a load from one side of the clutches or the other that inhibits this; the track or the engine.
When adjusting weights, primary or secondary springs, helix etc. you are simply adjusting when clutches react under differing loads.
For instance, If your sled is upshifting too fast (soft springs, high degree helix) it may pull like a freight train on flat ground. Upshifting, meaning, clutches are shifting to a high ratio. However if you take this same setup and put it on the mountain, you are adding another degree of load to the equation. The engine does not have the power to power through this thus resulting in belt heat due to the belt slipping and low RPMS due to the engine not having the power to pull such a load.
On the other end of the spectrum, if your clutches are running stiff springs and lower degree helix, your engine has to fight harder to upshift into a higher ratio. The engine can easily maintain optimal RPM but can also overrev. It also may have a problem not being able to shift all the way up due to such stiff springs. In order to shift out a heavy spring, you must run heavier weights. In order to due this, again, your engine must have enough power to stay in it's RPM range while doing this. Too much weight and you'll lose RPM.
If, however, your engine can pull the weights in it's optimal RPM, your clutches take longer to shift up (low ratio to high ratio) so when you immediately jump from the trail into the soft snow (high load) your engine loses the battle with the load on the track thus allowing your clutches to BACKSHIFT, returning the clutches to a lower ratio thus maintaining the optimal RPM on the engine but reducing the speed of the track. This is downshifting of the variable transmission that is your snowmobile clutches.
I hope this makes sense to you
