how to contain the cold
Amsnow
Cold Injuries
Tissue temperature in cold weather is regulated by two factors, the external temperature and the internal heat flow. All cold injuries described below are intimately connected with the degree of peripheral circulation. As peripheral circulation is reduced to prevent heat loss to the core, these conditions are more likely to occur.
As tissue begins to freeze, ice crystals form within the cells. As intracellular fluids freeze, extracellular fluid enters the cell and extracellular salt concentration increases due to the water transfer. Cells may rupture due to the increased water and/or from tearing by the ice crystals. Do not rub tissue; it causes cell tearing from the ice crystals.
Surface frostbite generally involves destruction of skin layers resulting in blistering and minor tissue loss. Blisters are formed from the cellular fluid released when cells rupture. Generally, skin is white with a wooden feel.
To treat frostbite, gently warm the area by blowing warm air on it or placing the area against a warm body part such as a partner's stomach or armpit. Again, do not rub the area.
Also, if possible, immerse affected part into warm water of 105 - 110 degrees Farenheit. If the water is hotter, more damage will result. Once a body part is warmed, keep it from re-freezing.
If this happens, extensive tissue damage will result. If the person is hypothermic and frostbitten, the first thing to worry about is raising the body's core temperature. Do not warm the frostbitten areas until the core temperature approaches 96 degrees Farenheit.
Lastly, liquids such as gasoline get extremely cold in the winter by dropping below water's freezing point. Spilling supercooled gas on exposed skin leads to instant frostbite. So, be careful and always wear gloves when handling fuel.
Practice the buddy system. That is, keep a vigil on each other's faces, cheeks, ears and look for signs of frostbite. Also be sure to perform regular self checks.
Snowmobiling should not be a sport that maims and cripples because of improper clothing, or because freezing temperatures are misunderstood. Take the time to prepare your body before the trip. Talk to your riding partners. Make sure everybody in the group knows the signs and symptoms of cold-related injuries.