Hey Sap,
would an intake leak actually show up as a vacuum reading on the gauge? Or would it just have less boost?
The gauge is just a pressure/vacuum sensor, so in order for there to be a "vacuum" reading, that would mean no boost at all (or technically negative boost).
Am I thinking about this right?
When the engine is healthy and working correctly, at idle the needle of the gauge should be steady and within the range of 17 – 22 inches of mercury.
Normal Engine when Throttle Snapped Open and Closed
Vacuum should drop to 3 and then momentarily climb to 25 – 28 before settling back at the previous value. This indicates that the valves and rings are OK.
Poor Rings or Oil at Idle
The needle will be steady but the reading will be lower than normal.
Poor Rings or Oil when Throttle Snapped Open and Closed
Vacuum will drop to near zero and then momentarily climb to about 22 before settling back to previous value.
Sticky Valve
The needle will drop occasionally about 4 inches of mercury from its normal idling reading.
Burnt Valve
The needle will regularly drop by a greater amount than with a sticky valve – eg 6 inches of mercury.
Leaky Valve
The needle rapidly drops two or more inches each time the valve should be closed. May also indicate a misfire.
Loose Valve Guides
Fast vibration of the needle between 14 and 19 inches of mercury.
Weak Valve Springs
When revving the engine hard, needle varies between 14 – 22 inches of mercury. As rpm increases, a wider variation occurs in needle movement.
Leaky Intake System
Needle reads low (eg below 5 inches of mercury) at idle. May also indicate late ignition timing or incorrect camshaft timing.
Leaky Head Gasket Between Cylinders
Needle floats regularly between 5 and 19 inches of mercury. May also indicate intake manifold gasket leak at an intake port or a faulty injector.
Blocked Exhaust
High reading at first but suddenly returns to zero then builds slowly back to about 16 inches of mercury.
Clogged PCV or Intake Manifold Leaks
Needle moves slowly through a wide range of readings. Also check idle air/fuel ratio.
Conclusion
Obviously vacuum gauge readings cannot be definitive, but they can save a you a lot of time and money in chasing down obscure problems.